izindaba

      Ukushintsha amandlaizinto ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni nasekuphileni, futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi.Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha kuncane, kuyakhanya futhi kusebenza kahle, kodwa ingabe kufanele ukwazi kahle ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha?Lesi sihloko sizochaza incazelo yokushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nomgomo wokushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokuningiliziwe ukuze usize ube umpetha ongcono wokushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla.
Okokuqala, kuyini ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha.
Ukushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi ze-elementi ezishintshayo (njengamashubhu e-electron, ama-transistors omphumela wenkundla, i-thyristor thyristors, njll.), ngokuya nge-loop yokulawula, izingxenye ze-elementi yokushintsha zixhunywa ngokuqhubekayo futhi zivaliwe.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshayo kuhlobene nokunikezwa kwamandla omugqa.Itheminali yakhe ye-plug-in iguqula ngokushesha isilungisi se-AC sibe ugesi we-DC, bese, ngaphansi komthelela wesekethe ye-resonant enemvamisa ephezulu, isebenzisa iswishi yamandla ukuze ilawule ukuqhutshwa kwamandla we-AC ukuze ikhiqize amandla akhuphukayo wemvamisa ephezulu. .Ngosizo lwe-inductor (ikhoyili ye-transformer), ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-DC abushelelezi kuyaphuma.Ngenxa yokuthi ukucaciswa okuyinhloko kwe-transformer kuphambene ngokuphambene nemitha yesikwele yamandla okukhiphayo, ukuphakama kwemvamisa, kuncane umgogodla we-transformer.Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu i-transformer futhi kunciphise isisindo sonke kanye nevolumu yokunikezwa kwamandla.Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi ishintsha ngokushesha i-DC, lolu hlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla lusebenza kahle kakhulu kunelayini yamandla kagesi.Lokhu konga amandla kagesi ngakho-ke kuthandwa kakhulu ngathi.Kodwa futhi inamaphutha.Isekhethi yokuphakelwa kukagesi iyinkimbinkimbi, ukunakekelwa kunzima, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kwesekethe yokuphakelwa kukagesi kubi kakhulu.Ukunikezwa kwamandla kunomsindo, futhi akukhululekile ukusebenzisa amasekhethi okuphakela amandla anomsindo omncane.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla olayini kuqala kunciphisa i-amplitude ye-voltage ye-AC ngokuya nge-transformer, bese ithola ugesi we-DC one-pulse eyodwa ngokuya kwesilungisi sesekethe sokulungisa ibhuloho, bese ithola i-voltage ye-DC equkethe i-voltage encane ye-ripple ngokuya ngokuhlunga.Ukuze kuzuzwe kangcono i-voltage ye-DC enembayo ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ishubhu ye-Zener ngokuya ngesekethe yokuphakelwa kwamandla elawulwayo.
Okwesibili, isimiso sokushintsha ukunikezwa kwamandla.
Yonke inqubo yokusebenza kokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kulula ukuyiqonda.Kugesi olayini, yenza inethiwekhi yeshubhu yamandla okukhiphayo isebenze.Ngokungafani nempahla kagesi ewumugqa, izinsiza zamandla ezishintshayo ze-PWM zigcina amashubhu amandla okukhiphayo evuliwe futhi evaliwe.Kulezi zimo ezimbili lapha, ukuphindaphindeka kwe-volt-ampere okwengezwe epayipini lamandla okukhiphayo kuncane kakhulu (i-voltage iphansi futhi yamanje inkulu uma icishiwe; i-voltage iphezulu futhi yamanje incane uma icishiwe. ) / i-volt-ampere kudivayisi yamandla kagesi Ukuphindaphindeka kwamajika ayisici kuwumonakalo ezingxenyeni zamandla okukhiphayo we-semiconductor.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphakelwa kwamandla olayini, isixhumanisi sokusebenza esinengqondo kakhudlwana sokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kwe-PWM siqedwa ngokuya nge-inverter, futhi i-voltage ye-DC ezofakwa inqunywe ibe yi-voltage eyodwa ye-pulse value yayo ye-amplitude ilingana nevelu ye-voltage amplitude yokufaka. .
Okwesithathu, izinzuzo nezingozi zokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi:
Izinzuzo ezithile zokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi: usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula (ivolumu nesisindo esiphelele singu-20 ~ 30% kuphela wokunikezwa kwamandla omugqa), ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu (ngokuvamile 60 ~ 70%, kuyilapho ukunikezwa kwamandla omugqa kungu-30 ~ 40% kuphela). , Ikhono lokuphazanyiswa elinamandla, ukumbozwa kwe-voltage ebanzi, idizayini ye-modular.
Amaphutha athile okunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa: ngenxa yokuthi isifunda sokulungisa kabusha sibangela i-voltage ephezulu-frequency, inomthelela othile ezindaweni ezizungezile.Ukuvikela okuhle kanye nesisekelo kufanele kugcinwe.
I-AC current ingadlula kusilungisi ukuze ithole amandla e-DC.Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, ngenxa yokushintshwa kwe-voltage ye-AC kanye nomthwalo wamanje, i-voltage ye-DC etholwe ngemva kokulungisa imvamisa idala ukushintsha kwamandla ka-20% kuya ku-40%.Ukuze uthole i-voltage ye-DC ezinzile kangcono, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isifunda sokuphakela amandla esilawulwayo ukuze uqedele ishubhu ye-zener.Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuqedela, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-voltage regulator kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ugesi we-linear voltage regulator tube, ukunikezwa kwamandla okulawulwa kwe-voltage olawulwa yisigaba kanye nokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi weshubhu lokulawula.Ukushintsha ukuphakelwa kukagesi kusho ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla okuhle kakhulu.
Okwesine, izinkinga ezivamile lapho ukhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha.
(1) Khetha imodeli efanelekile yokucaciswa kwamandla kagesi;
(2) Khetha amandla okukhiphayo afanelekile.Ukuze ukwandise kangcono impilo yokunikezwa kwamandla, ungakhetha imodeli enamandla alinganiselwe angaphezu kuka-30%.
(3) Kucatshangelwa izici zomthwalo.Uma umthwalo kuyinjini, i-bulb light noma i-capacitor load, futhi yamanje inkulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukunikezwa kwamandla okufanelekile kufanele kukhethwe ukuvimbela umthwalo.Uma umthwalo kuyinjini, ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage ekuvaleni kufanele kucatshangelwe.
(4) Ukwengeza, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokuthi unazo yini izinto ezisizayo zokupholisa ezingeqile kufanele kubhekwe.Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzwa izinga lokushisa okweqile kufanele kunciphise okukhiphayo.Ijika lamandla okunciphisa izinga lokushisa.
(5) Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa:
Imisebenzi yesondlo: Over Voltage Protection (OVP), Temperature Protection (OTP), Over Voltage Protection (OLP), njll.
Imisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza: umsebenzi wesignali yedatha (ukusabalalisa amandla avamile, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungavumelekile), umsebenzi wesilawuli kude, umsebenzi wokuqapha, umsebenzi wokuxhuma okuhambisanayo, njll.
Izici Ezihlukile: Ukulungiswa Kwe-Power Factor (PFC), Amandla Aqhubekayo (UPS)
Khetha izimfuneko zokuphepha ezidingekayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-EMC (EMC).